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It’s a major culture shock going to an auditory-only experience, and not knowing how to control the onslaught of noise is unnerving. If you’ve never used a screen reader before, it can be a daunting experience. My instructions are for VoiceOver, but there should be equivalent commands for your screen reader of choice. Using VoiceOver with a different browser can lead to unexpected behaviors. Safari is the recommended browser to use with VoiceOver, since both are maintained by Apple and should work well together. I have a MacBook and an iPhone, so will be using VoiceOver and Safari for this article. Popularity of mobile screen readers: Ranks VoiceOver first, Talkback second, Voice Assistant third. NVDA SCREEN READER HIGHLIGHTS NOT SHOWING UP ANDROIDThe other major screen readers in the mobile space are Talkback on Android (29.5%) and Voice Assistant on Samsung (5.2%), which is itself based on Talkback, but with additional gestures. ![]() VoiceOver makes up 11.7% of desktop screen reader users and rises to 69% of screen reader users on mobile. The screen reader bundled into macOS, iOS and tvOS is VoiceOver. On Linux, Orca is bundled by default on a number of distributions. There are other alternatives, including Microsoft Narrator, System Access, Window-Eyes and ZoomText (not a full-screen reader, but a screen magnifier that has reading abilities) the combined sum of these equates to about 6% of screen reader usage. An open-source alternative for Windows is NVDA, which is used by just under a third of all screen reader users on desktop. It is commercial software, costing around a thousand dollars for the home edition. On Windows, the most popular screen reader is JAWS, with almost half of the overall screen reader market. Pie chart from the Screen Reader Survey 2017, showing that JAWS, NVDA and VoiceOver are the most used screen readers on desktop. Some screen readers have to manually map specific programs to the tree, whereas others are more generic and should work with most programs. They work by mapping the contents and interface of the application to an accessibility tree that can then be read by the screen reader. Screen readers can be used with programs such as word processors, email clients, and web browsers. Two-thirds of screen reader users choose speech as their screen reader output, and one-third of screen reader users choose braille. NVDA SCREEN READER HIGHLIGHTS NOT SHOWING UP SOFTWAREWhat Is A Screen Reader?Ī screen reader is a software application that interprets things on the screen (text, images, links, and so on) and converts these to a format that visually impaired people are able to consume and interact with. This time around, I’m avoiding the screen and am using the web with a screen reader. Last time, I navigated the web for a day with just my keyboard. I hope to raise the profile of difficulties faced by real people, which are avoidable if we design and develop in a way that is sympathetic to their needs. This article is part of a series in which I attempt to use the web under various constraints, representing a given demographic of user. Chris Ashton experiences first-hand difficulties that visually impaired users face and describes what we can do as web developers to help. A sighted user puts himself in the shoes of a non-sighted user. ![]()
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